Why a Crisis Could Be Better than a Slow Downfall

I am always amazed as how people in leadership positions try to avoid crisis and instead choose ways that lead to a slow downfall. I believe that comes from the need to have an impression of control about what is happening. I think this impression of control is actually an illusion.

Crisis are moments where the current balance is not any more sustainable. Crisis are great moments of opportunity (ref. our post ‘Why a Crisis is Always a Great Opportunity to Change for the Better‘). But of course, it is more difficult to keep control of what is happening, in particular for people in leadership positions pre-crisis.

triggering crisis like avalanche
Preemptive avalancge triggering by explosive is a sure way to reduce the avalanche risk. Do the same for crisis!

Trying to avoid crisis requires addressing the imbalances and trying to transition out into another state. The thing is, because they won’t be forced to, the people and organizations that benefit from the current situation won’t easily let go. They will resist. The imbalance will increase, and it is not sure at all that a crisis won’t happen sooner or later. Going into a triggered crisis mode with a plan is probably safer on the long term – and it is possibly better for most stakeholders as well. Triggered crisis will also have less amplitude, be more predictable and will remain more contained. Such is the way, for example, that avalanches are controlled in ski resorts.

I deeply believe that sometimes it is better to go into the crisis mode than try to maintain an illusory situation with the underlying structural imbalance increasing. I think that is exactly what is happening in China right now: out of a need to keep control, the government is trying to avoid a crisis by all means, and that will most probably turn out ugly at some stage, because the structural imbalances are deepening and an economic transition is needed. And in the meantime the entire global economy suffers for a long time.

Sometimes, triggering a crisis is better than trying to maintain the status-quo against all odds.

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Why a Crisis is Always a Great Opportunity to Change for the Better

Churchill is famous for his quote “Never let a good crisis got to waste“. A crisis is a great opportunity to change things for the better. In some instance it is even the only opportunity to change things for the better.

never let a good crisis go to wasteWhile every crisis is destructive for part of what was (including the lifestyle of some people), it is a great opportunity to create a new order. The thing is, it is better to have an idea about the new order should look like before getting into the crisis, but this comfort is not always available. A crisis is also a great pivot point where the future can go one way or the other.

The important observation is that every crisis, even if not wanted or unexpected, should be considered as an opportunity for change into something better.

Don’t waste the next personal or professional crisis. Take it as an opportunity to change for the better.

 

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What We Should Trust From the “Man on Site”

There are two schools of thought regarding how truthful the information from the man on site can be. One school follows Winston Churchill: “Never trust the man on the spot“. Another school believes that local knowledge offers sometimes a better insight than what is available in headquarters.

Worker on construction siteWhat’s the right way about this? It’s all about what information we want to have.

Information about the actual progress and the actual situation on the ground is best retrieved from site. Far-away management does not work and leads to unrealistic assessments of the situation. I observe this effect all too often in large projects.

On the other hand, do not expect the site people to have a very worthwhile assessment of the whole strategic or even tactical picture. They can only have a limited view of the whole due to their position. The breadth of the subjects they can apprehend depends on their scope. Local representatives in a particular country will often have a much better assessment of the political situation of that entire country and what can or cannot be done than the global headquarters. A local representative on a site can only apprehend very local issues. In general I have observed that often the local representative can be trusted on a scope slightly larger than his assignment.

In general, I tend to trust more the people on site except if the topic is clearly beyond their observation range.

Churchill quote from H. R. McMaster Dereliction of Duty (a recommended read about how the US politicians and top military got embroiled in the Vietnam war)

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How Our Office Space Setup Really Critically Determines Team Performance

In complex projects, open space project spaces are a must. I realize this is probably the case in most instances where complex situations have to be managed. To the point where actually, if the space is poorly adapted, performance will certainly lag.

open_space_officeIt is the experience told by General McChrystal in his highly recommended book ‘Team of Teams‘, which I will certainly comment in quite a few future posts as I believe that it is quite a fundamental book for the organization of the future.

In the book he explains the extreme organizational transformation that his special forces command had to undergo in order to be able to respond to a complex insurgency situation in Iraq and Afghanistan. The most fundamental transformation was to create a command center as an open space, with representatives of all relevant agencies and sections of the military, where open communication was promoted. It was a revolutionary move in an organization pervaded by a culture of secret and segregation of knowledge, but it worked.

What amazed me again in his description is how organizing the physical space (prolonged by a virtual space with participation of geographically removed contributors) was really the one transformation that made the change.

When I talk to clients that want to tackle complex problems, I now ask first about the type of office building. If it’s old-fashioned with closed offices and cubicles that reach the ceiling, I know we’re up for disaster.

What about your office space?

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How to Rate the Quality of a Decision in Complex Systems

Nassim Taleb, well known for his ‘black swan’ and complexity approach, writes “The quality of a decision cannot be based solely on its outcome“. This statement looks paradoxical but when you think about it, it is necessarily true in complex systems – because the future is unpredictable. It is quite wrong in situations where the outcome is a straightforward consequence of the decision (like deciding to hit one’s finger with a hammer or deciding to drive drunk).

DecisionIn complex systems, a lot of the outcome is due to chance. Some people even state that there is no such thing as an organization or personal strategy – there is just chance in life. Therefore, the outcome can’t obviously qualify the quality of the initial decision (and of the following ones) because it might be that we have been unlucky. Yet the decision might have been the best given the particular circumstances.

This is why there is no need to regret decisions taken in complex systems. Just move on. On the contrary one can regret eternally decisions taken in simple systems. The border between the two situations is not always easy to establish. And lessons learnt or learning becomes very difficult in complex systems without a clear causal link between a decision and the outcome.

In any case, the rating of a decision in a complex system should never been done in hindsight, but taking into account what was known or could have been known at the time of the decision. That is where many fail when condemning the remote consequences of past decisions. For example, when rating the decisions of a company CEO or of a government.

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What the Best Strategy in Complex Systems Is

Stuart Kauffmann and John Holland, both complexity theorists affiliated with the multidisciplinary Santa Fe Institute, have shown that the evolutionary approach is not just another way of solving complex problems. Given the likely shape of these ever-shifting landscapes, the evolutionary mix of small steps and occasional wild gambles is the best possible way to search for solutions” writes Tim Harford in his book ‘Adapt: Why Success Always Starts with Failure‘.

tree of lifeWhat I find extremely interesting in this statement is the affirmation that the evolutionary approach is the best way to deal with complex systems (in terms of survival), however this requires to be able to take some wild gambles from time to time, probably to adapt to the sudden changes that can occur in the environment.

The thing is that evolution as a process is dramatically wasteful: a few survive but many don’t as nature proceeds with ongoing experiments. If it is indeed the best way to deal with complex systems it means that there is going to be a lot of waste, also known as failures.

This is actually the theme of the book, but leaves us with the need to manage a large number of experiments without if possible, dying as a result. We thus need to develop a particular manner of evolution which remains survivable.

Still, in our complex world, we could learn more from evolutionary theory than we generally think.

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How to Create Value by Breaking Patterns: Airbnb and Others

Following our post on the need to break patterns to create value, the example of Airbnb is quite interesting.

airbnb2At the core, the concept is about breaking a basic survival pattern, repeated from generation to generation: don’t let unknown strangers in your house!

It was only by providing sufficient assurance that things will turn out fine that this pattern could be broken (thanks to the inter-mediation provided by the platform). However basically the value released by the platform is at the core, breaking a deeply ingrained pattern.

It is a bit the same with the more advanced Uber applications (survival pattern: don’t enter the car of an unknown stranger and be driven somewhere!) and most of the disruptive, successful companies that have emerged recently (for Google, the survival pattern was: don’t give all your personal information to an external company!).

Breaking patterns can thus release great value if properly done and with the assurance that safety is still provided. When do you start your own disruption?

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Why We Should Consider a Situation to be a Dilemma When in Doubt

Following on our post explaining ‘Why We Are Moving From a World of Problems to a World of Dilemmas‘, let’s give ourselves some guidance when we can’t really be sure that what we are facing is a problem or a dilemma.

trolley-problemThe rule is simple – in doubt, treat the situation as a dilemma.

This will force a much wider range of considerations and solutions, and will probably be more right. Consider a situation to be a problem only when it is clearly delineated and where linear thinking appears to be applicable. All the rest should be treated as dilemmas.

Dilemmas implies choice, it implies regret and it generally requires prompt action to be released. It requires character more than analytic thought. It is harder but nowadays it is often more useful to consider situations as dilemmas rather than problems.

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Why We Are Moving From a World of Problems to a World of Dilemmas

One of the most interesting changes brought by the Fourth Revolution is that we are evolving from a typical world of problems to be solved (typical of the Industrial Age) to a world of dilemmas where we have to choose between options.

dilemmaThe reasons for this change are numerous. One is that we all have much more choice than before and so, there are many possible solutions for a situation. This forces us to make choices. The other is that because of our increased interconnectedness, our decisions can’t be independent of the decisions of others. We are thus forced to take into account others’ actions and reactions in our analysis, and this creates dilemmas.

Knowing how to resolve problems is thus not any more the key competency. Knowing how to manage dilemmas is, with all the issues related to possible regrets, and making choices in an uncertain and changing world.

Let us learn to face dilemmas better to thrive in the Collaborative Age!

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Why Dealing with Complexity Requires Non-Linear Thinking

Managing complex situations cannot be dealt with linear thinking. Another sort of thinking is required: non-linear thinking, also called lateral thinking. The thing is, our education is very much oriented towards linear, inductive thinking. We definitely to up our collective game in lateral thinking.

complexity nonlinearLateral thinking is tough because it is related to creativity, “thinking out of the box”, and taking leaps and bounds beyond logical induction. This leads to many dead ends, failures and mistakes. But that is required to find a way in the ever-more complex world.

Staying with logical, linear, inductive thinking can only keep us within the same context that we are in. If we are to find disruptive solutions, we definitely need to adopt lateral thinking. When do you start upping your own game?

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How Long Complex Projects Require Regular Reorganization

One of the interesting properties of long and complex projects or programs is the need to periodically re-assess and remodel the delivery organization. Many project managers shy away from such reorganization, in particular because of rigidity often imposed by management and/or the client. However they should implement them proactively.

reorganizationThe organization needs to be adapted every few months to the new focus and challenge that arises from the progressive execution of the project. Complex projects and projects that develop over a long time are not like manufacturing organizations, the scope and even the composition of the team will evolve over time and this needs to be taken into account.

Having a single, rigid, preset organization will necessarily lead to disaster and low morale as contributors struggle to make sense of the evolution of their scope and do not concentrate on what is important for the project at that particular moment.

It is sometimes interesting to have an external advisor giving a view on the adequacy of the current organization and how it should evolve.

In long complex projects, do not take the organization for granted. It needs to evolve regularly, and this is a key success factor.

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How It Can Sometimes Be Difficult to Disrupt Traditional Industries

Talk about disruption of whole industries by the internet is everywhere. Yet that does not work out all the time. The dabbawalas are a famous organization in Mumbai delivering every day to workers in town-center meals prepared by their family in the outskirts – all with a very low percentage of error. As reported by Bloomberg ‘Startups Haven’t Replaced India’s 19th Century Food Delivery Service‘, many start-ups have attempted to displace them in the past years and they have all failed.

Dabbawala in action at a station in Mumbai
Dabbawala in action at a station in Mumbai

This goes to show that it is not so easy to disrupt traditional processes even in the area of distribution, in particular when cultural aspects need to be taken into account (Indian workers seem to largely prefer home-made meals, possibly on hygiene grounds and/or family pressure! – and they appear reluctant to order meals from restaurants).

As a hypothesis for this interesting failure, the fact that those startups have tried to replace at the same time the distribution system and the sourcing of the product. This might have worked in some instances (Uber, Airbnb) but that remains a very rare occurrence.

This reminds us that we need to always remain very humble when it comes to disrupting any kind of industry or process!

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